ANPP, CPC Blasts Jonathan, Sanusi Over N5,000 Note

ANPP, CPC Blasts Jonathan, Sanusi Over N5,000 Note

Sat Aug, 25 2012

By Tony Abrahams The All Nigeria Peoples Party, ANPP, and Congress for Progressive Change, CPC. has described as mere hypocrisy, explanations justifying the conversion of lower denominations of the Naira to coins and the proposed N5,000 note. Both parties urged the Federal Government and Central Bank of Nigeria, CBN to rather account for 50k, N1, and N2 coins which has since vanished from use after conversion from note to coins. The two political parties, faulting CBN’s explanations, and premising their arguments on precedence established that coins had never enjoyed patronage by Nigerians, as Naira notes converted to coins subsequently vanished. They further hinted that the present move might be a premeditated move by the Federal Government to subtly embark on cash mop and further economically strangulate the people. The ANPP, waving aside the explanations in justification of the new N5,000 note, argued that the attendant consequence would be a hike in inflation rate and imposition of more sufferings on Nigerians, even as the CPC described it as a systemic process of enhancing “corruption in government circles.” Further examining the economic consequences of the proposal, the ANPP, argued that the introduction would only deepen the widening gulf between the “haves and the have-nots’’ and urged the Federal Government and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to re-order their priorities with a view of streamlining the resources that would be “wasted in this ill-timed into more people-friendly fiscal projects”. ANPP, in a statement by its National Publicity Secretary, Mr. Emma Eneukwu, states that “Our great party believes this is another clear path to inflation and resultant suffering on the part of the hapless citizens of this great nation. “It is an established fact that the Nigerian populace is averse to the use of coins, and, therefore, the decision by the Federal Government to convert some lower denomination notes to coins smells of a premeditated agenda to further mop up cash from the nation space and whip the Nigerian people in the process, just as it had done through the increase in the pump price of fuel and hike in electricity tariff. In fact, one does not need an economics professor to know that this move will eventually cripple the value of the naira; countries like Japan , Germany and Singapore do not have strong currencies because they printed higher denominations. “Moreover, going cashless has nothing to do with printing N5, 000, but everything to do with introducing valid strategies for redirecting the nation’s commercial transactions into the virtual space. Right now, what the CBN and the Federal Government should be engaged in is establishing a clear and comprehensive electronic fraud management framework, as well as delineating of responsibility among key stakeholders, and advocating enabling laws that will inspire confidence in the country’s e-payment network, both locally and internationally; not to saddle the helpless masses with more burdens.” In a separate statement, Mr. Rotimi Fashakin, the CPC’s National Publicity contends that the introduction of the N5000 note “is antithetical to the much-touted cashless economy. “ Recently, we witnessed the allegations and counter-allegations of solicitation for and receipt of bribe money levied against certain highly influential politicians in the country. It is axiomatic to infer that those transactions were opaque to the banking system because of the facilitating ambience of high currency notes. “We insist that the introduction of N5000 currency note shall further exacerbate the corruptive tendencies in the Nigerian polity. “Whilst we agree with the CBN that printing of notes is more expensive than minting coins, it is difficult to believe that the solution lies in converting the N5, N10 and N20 notes to coins. “The cultural values of the Nigerian people do not favour use of coins. The question is: how did we fare with the previous conversion of 50k, N1 and N2 Naira notes to coins? In fact, those currencies tacitly went out of circulation as a result of disuse.”

cbn

CBN To Introduce 5000 Naira Notes

  

The Central Bank on Thursday announced its intention to implement its naira structure review which would see the N5000 naira note as the nation’s highest denomination. Other changes stated in the review will see the the N5, N10 and N20 notes converted to coins. CBN Governor, Mallam Lamido Sanusi, made the announcement while briefing journalists in Abuja, said that the bank would, early next year, introduce the N5,000 note. He also stated that three women who contributed to the country’s independence, Mrs. Margaret Ekpo, Mrs. Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti and Hajiya Gambo Sawaba would adorn the note. He also said that the picture of the National Assembly complex would be on the note.

SAVE FUNMI LAWAL

FUNMI LAWAL whose picture you see above graduated from the Faculty of Law, University of Lagos in 2011. She just finished her Law school Bar 2 final exams barely 2 weeks ago. She patiently waits to be called to the Nigerian Bar precisely on November 7^th 2012. You can imagine the joy she and her parents are supposed to be feeling presently…
But they are presently in despair.
Funmi has been diagnosed with Malignant Sarcoma, this is a kind of Cancer which affects the supporting or connective tissues of the body such as muscle, bone, nerves, cartilage, blood vessels and fat. And it has become so extensive that it might affect some other parts of her body if surgery is not done immediately.
She needs the Sum of 4 Million Naira to enable her live the dream she has worked for over the past 20 years. This is where we appeal to you to help rally round her to help achieve this dream.
Please help Save Funmi’s life.
GTB Acct Number: 0002855164
Acct Name: Funmilayo Lawal
She can be reached on 08096617172
BB PIN: 2807E7F5
Read more about SARCOMA on www.sarcoma.org.uk/

ASCII control characters

Main article: Control character

ASCII reserves the first 32 codes (numbers 0–31 decimal) for control characters: codes originally intended not to represent printable information, but rather to control devices (such as printers) that make use of ASCII, or to provide meta-information about data streams such as those stored on magnetic tape. For example, character 10 represents the "line feed" function (which causes a printer to advance its paper), and character 8 represents "backspace". RFC 2822 refers to control characters that do not include carriage return, line feed or white space as non-whitespace control characters.^[34] Except for the control characters that prescribe elementary line-oriented formatting, ASCII does not define any mechanism for describing the structure or appearance of text within a document. Other schemes, such as markup languages, address page and document layout and formatting.
The original ASCII standard used only short descriptive phrases for each control character. The ambiguity this caused was sometimes intentional (where a character would be used slightly differently on a terminal link than on a data stream) and sometimes accidental (such as what "delete" means).
Probably the most influential single device on the interpretation of these characters was the Teletype Model 33 ASR, which was a printing terminal with an available paper tape reader/punch option. Paper tape was a very popular medium for long-term program storage through the 1980s, less costly and in some ways less fragile than magnetic tape. In particular, the Teletype Model 33 machine assignments for codes 17 (Control-Q, DC1, also known as XON), 19 (Control-S, DC3, also known as XOFF), and 127 (Delete) became de facto standards. Because the keytop for the O key also showed a left-arrow symbol (from ASCII-1963, which had this character instead of underscore), a noncompliant use of code 15 (Control-O, Shift In) interpreted as "delete previous character" was also adopted by many early timesharing systems but eventually became neglected.
The use of Control-S (XOFF, an abbreviation for transmit off) as a "handshaking" signal warning a sender to stop transmission because of impending overflow, and Control-Q (XON, "transmit on") to resume sending, persists to this day in many systems as a manual output control technique. On some systems Control-S retains its meaning but Control-Q is replaced by a second Control-S to resume output.
Code 127 is officially named "delete" but the Teletype label was "rubout". Since the original standard did not give detailed interpretation for most control codes, interpretations of this code varied. The original Teletype meaning, and the intent of the standard, was to make it an ignored character, the same as NUL (all zeroes). This was useful specifically for paper tape, because punching the all-ones bit pattern on top of an existing mark would obliterate it. Tapes designed to be "hand edited" could even be produced with spaces of extra NULs (blank tape) so that a block of characters could be "rubbed out" and then replacements put into the empty space.
As video terminals began to replace printing ones, the value of the "rubout" character was lost. DEC systems, for example, interpreted "Delete" to mean "remove the character before the cursor" and this interpretation also became common in Unix systems. Most other systems used "Backspace" for that meaning and used "Delete" to mean "remove the character at the cursor". That latter interpretation is the most common now.
Many more of the control codes have been given meanings quite different from their original ones. The "escape" character (ESC, code 27), for example, was intended originally to allow sending other control characters as literals instead of invoking their meaning. This is the same meaning of "escape" encountered in URL encodings, C language strings, and other systems where certain characters have a reserved meaning. Over time this meaning has been co-opted and has eventually been changed. In modern use, an ESC sent to the terminal usually indicates the start of a command sequence, usually in the form of a so-called "ANSI escape code" (or, more properly, a "Control Sequence Introducer") beginning with ESC followed by a "[" (left-bracket) character. An ESC sent from the terminal is most often used as an out-of-band character used to terminate an operation, as in the TECO and vi text editors. In graphical user interface (GUI) and windowing systems, ESC generally causes an application to abort its current operation or to exit (terminate) altogether.
The inherent ambiguity of many control characters, combined with their historical usage, created problems when transferring "plain text" files between systems. The best example of this is the newline problem on various operating systems. Teletype machines required that a line of text be terminated with both "Carriage Return" (which moves the printhead to the beginning of the line) and "Line Feed" (which advances the paper one line without moving the printhead). The name "Carriage Return" comes from the fact that on a manual typewriter the carriage holding the paper moved while the position where the keys struck the ribbon remained stationary. The entire carriage had to be pushed (returned) to the right in order to position the left margin of the paper for the next line.
DEC operating systems (OS/8, RT-11, RSX-11, RSTS, TOPS-10, etc.) used both characters to mark the end of a line so that the console device (originally Teletype machines) would work. By the time so-called "glass TTYs" (later called CRTs or terminals) came along, the convention was so well established that backward compatibility necessitated continuing the convention. When Gary Kildall cloned RT-11 to create CP/M he followed established DEC convention. Until the introduction of PC-DOS in 1981, IBM had no hand in this because their 1970s operating systems used EBCDIC instead of ASCII and they were oriented toward punch-card input and line printer output on which the concept of "carriage return" was meaningless. IBM's PC-DOS (also marketed as MS-DOS by Microsoft) inherited the convention by virtue of being a clone of CP/M, and Windows inherited it from MS-DOS.
Unfortunately, requiring two characters to mark the end of a line introduces unnecessary complexity and questions as to how to interpret each character when encountered alone. To simplify matters, plain text files on Unix and Amiga systems use line feed (LF) alone as a line terminator. The original Macintosh OS, on the other hand, used carriage return (CR) alone as a line terminator, however since Apple replaced it with the Unix-based OS X operating system, they now use line feed (LF) as well.
Transmission of text over the Internet, for protocols as E-mail and the World Wide Web, uses both characters.
Some operating systems such as the pre-VMS DEC operating systems, along with CP/M, tracked file length only in units of disk blocks and used Control-Z (SUB) to mark the end of the actual text in the file. For this reason, EOF, or end-of-file, was used colloquially and conventionally as a three-letter acronym (TLA) for Control-Z instead of SUBstitute. For a variety of reasons, the end-of-text code, ETX aka Control-C, was inappropriate and using Z as the control code to end a file is analogous to it ending the alphabet, a very convenient mnemonic aid. ASCII strings ending with the null character are known as ASCIZ, ASCIIZ or null-terminated strings.

Binary	Oct	Dec	Hex	Abbr	[a]	[b]	[c]	Name
000 0000	000	0	00	NUL	␀	^@	\0	Null character
000 0001	001	1	01	SOH	␁	^A		Start of Header
000 0010	002	2	02	STX	␂	^B		Start of Text
000 0011	003	3	03	ETX	␃	^C		End of Text
000 0100	004	4	04	EOT	␄	^D		End of Transmission
000 0101	005	5	05	ENQ	␅	^E		Enquiry
000 0110	006	6	06	ACK	␆	^F		Acknowledgment
000 0111	007	7	07	BEL	␇	^G	\a	Bell
000 1000	010	8	08	BS	␈	^H	\b	Backspace[d][e]
000 1001	011	9	09	HT	␉	^I	\t	Horizontal Tab[f]
000 1010	012	10	0A	LF	␊	^J	\n	Line feed
000 1011	013	11	0B	VT	␋	^K	\v	Vertical Tab
000 1100	014	12	0C	FF	␌	^L	\f	Form feed
000 1101	015	13	0D	CR	␍	^M	\r	Carriage return[g]
000 1110	016	14	0E	SO	␎	^N		Shift Out
000 1111	017	15	0F	SI	␏	^O		Shift In
001 0000	020	16	10	DLE	␐	^P		Data Link Escape
001 0001	021	17	11	DC1	␑	^Q		Device Control 1 (oft. XON)
001 0010	022	18	12	DC2	␒	^R		Device Control 2
001 0011	023	19	13	DC3	␓	^S		Device Control 3 (oft. XOFF)
001 0100	024	20	14	DC4	␔	^T		Device Control 4
001 0101	025	21	15	NAK	␕	^U		Negative Acknowledgement
001 0110	026	22	16	SYN	␖	^V		Synchronous idle
001 0111	027	23	17	ETB	␗	^W		End of Transmission Block
001 1000	030	24	18	CAN	␘	^X		Cancel
001 1001	031	25	19	EM	␙	^Y		End of Medium
001 1010	032	26	1A	SUB	␚	^Z		Substitute
001 1011	033	27	1B	ESC	␛	^[	\e[h]	Escape[i]
001 1100	034	28	1C	FS	␜	^\		File Separator
001 1101	035	29	1D	GS	␝	^]		Group Separator
001 1110	036	30	1E	RS	␞	^^[j]		Record Separator
001 1111	037	31	1F	US	␟	^_		Unit Separator
111 1111	177	127	7F	DEL	␡	^?		Delete[k][e]

1. ^ The Unicode characters from the area U+2400 to U+2421 reserved for representing control characters when it is necessary to print or display them rather than have them perform their intended function. Some browsers may not display these properly.
2. ^ Caret notation often used to represent control characters on a terminal. On most text terminals, holding down the Ctrl key while typing the second character will type the control character. Sometimes the shift key is not needed, for instance ^@ may be typable with just Ctrl and 2.
3. ^ Character Escape Codes in C programming language and many other languages influenced by it, such as Java and Perl (though not all implementations necessarily support all escape codes).
4. ^ The Backspace character can also be entered by pressing the ← Backspace key on some systems.
5. ^ ^{a b} The ambiguity of Backspace is due to early terminals designed assuming the main use of the keyboard would be to manually punch paper tape while not connected to a computer. To delete the previous character, one had to back up the paper tape punch, which for mechanical and simplicity reasons was a button on the punch itself and not the keyboard, then type the rubout character. They therefore placed a key producing rubout at the location used on typewriters for backspace. When systems used these terminals and provided command-line editing, they had to use the "rubout" code to perform a backspace, and often did not interpret the backspace character (they might echo "^H" for backspace). Other terminals not designed for paper tape made the key at this location produce Backspace, and systems designed for these used that character to back up. Since the delete code often produced a backspace effect, this also forced terminal manufacturers to make any Delete key produce something other than the Delete character.
6. ^ The Tab character can also be entered by pressing the Tab ⇆ key on most systems.
7. ^ The Carriage Return character can also be entered by pressing the ↵ Enter or Return key on most systems.
8. ^ The '\e' escape sequence is not part of ISO C and many other language specifications. However, it is understood by several compilers.
9. ^ The Escape character can also be entered by pressing the Esc key on some systems.
10. ^ ^^ means Ctrl+^ (pressing the "Ctrl" and caret keys).
11. ^ The Delete character can sometimes be entered by pressing the ← Backspace key on some systems.

ASCII printable characters

Codes 20_hex to 7E_hex, known as the printable characters, represent letters, digits, punctuation marks, and a few miscellaneous symbols. There are 95 printable characters in total.
Code 20_hex, the space character, denotes the space between words, as produced by the space-bar of a keyboard. Since the space character is considered an invisible graphic (rather than a control character)^[2][1] and thus would not normally be visible, it is represented here by Unicode character U+2420 "␠"; Unicode characters U+2422 "␢" and U+2423 "␣" are also available for use when a visible representation of a space is necessary.
Code 7F_hex corresponds to the non-printable "Delete" (DEL) control character and is therefore omitted from this chart; it is covered in the previous section's chart.
Earlier versions of ASCII used the up-arrow instead of the caret (5E_hex) and the left-arrow instead of the underscore (5F_hex).^[35]

Binary Oct Dec Hex Glyph 010 0000 040 32 20 ␠ 010 0001 041 33 21 ! 010 0010 042 34 22 " 010 0011 043 35 23 # 010 0100 044 36 24 $ 010 0101 045 37 25 % 010 0110 046 38 26 & 010 0111 047 39 27 ' 010 1000 050 40 28 ( 010 1001 051 41 29 ) 010 1010 052 42 2A * 010 1011 053 43 2B + 010 1100 054 44 2C , 010 1101 055 45 2D - 010 1110 056 46 2E . 010 1111 057 47 2F / 011 0000 060 48 30 0 011 0001 061 49 31 1 011 0010 062 50 32 2 011 0011 063 51 33 3 011 0100 064 52 34 4 011 0101 065 53 35 5 011 0110 066 54 36 6 011 0111 067 55 37 7 011 1000 070 56 38 8 011 1001 071 57 39 9 011 1010 072 58 3A : 011 1011 073 59 3B ; 011 1100 074 60 3C < 011 1101 075 61 3D = 011 1110 076 62 3E > 011 1111 077 63 3F ?

Binary Oct Dec Hex Glyph 100 0000 100 64 40 @ 100 0001 101 65 41 A 100 0010 102 66 42 B 100 0011 103 67 43 C 100 0100 104 68 44 D 100 0101 105 69 45 E 100 0110 106 70 46 F 100 0111 107 71 47 G 100 1000 110 72 48 H 100 1001 111 73 49 I 100 1010 112 74 4A J 100 1011 113 75 4B K 100 1100 114 76 4C L 100 1101 115 77 4D M 100 1110 116 78 4E N 100 1111 117 79 4F O 101 0000 120 80 50 P 101 0001 121 81 51 Q 101 0010 122 82 52 R 101 0011 123 83 53 S 101 0100 124 84 54 T 101 0101 125 85 55 U 101 0110 126 86 56 V 101 0111 127 87 57 W 101 1000 130 88 58 X 101 1001 131 89 59 Y 101 1010 132 90 5A Z 101 1011 133 91 5B [ 101 1100 134 92 5C \ 101 1101 135 93 5D ] 101 1110 136 94 5E ^ 101 1111 137 95 5F _

Binary Oct Dec Hex Glyph 110 0000 140 96 60 ` 110 0001 141 97 61 a 110 0010 142 98 62 b 110 0011 143 99 63 c 110 0100 144 100 64 d 110 0101 145 101 65 e 110 0110 146 102 66 f 110 0111 147 103 67 g 110 1000 150 104 68 h 110 1001 151 105 69 i 110 1010 152 106 6A j 110 1011 153 107 6B k 110 1100 154 108 6C l 110 1101 155 109 6D m 110 1110 156 110 6E n 110 1111 157 111 6F o 111 0000 160 112 70 p 111 0001 161 113 71 q 111 0010 162 114 72 r 111 0011 163 115 73 s 111 0100 164 116 74 t 111 0101 165 117 75 u 111 0110 166 118 76 v 111 0111 167 119 77 w 111 1000 170 120 78 x 111 1001 171 121 79 y 111 1010 172 122 7A z 111 1011 173 123 7B { 111 1100 174 124 7C | 111 1101 175 125 7D } 111 1110 176 126 7E ~

Aliases

ASCII Table and Description

ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Computers can only understand numbers, so an ASCII code is the numerical representation of a character such as 'a' or '@' or an action of some sort. ASCII was developed a long time ago and now the non-printing characters are rarely used for their original purpose. Below is the ASCII character table and this includes descriptions of the first 32 non-printing characters. ASCII was actually designed for use with teletypes and so the descriptions are somewhat obscure. If someone says they want your CV however in ASCII format, all this means is they want 'plain' text with no formatting such as tabs, bold or underscoring - the raw format that any computer can understand. This is usually so they can easily import the file into their own applications without issues. Notepad.exe creates ASCII text, or in MS Word you can save a file as 'text only'

Extended ASCII Codes

Ascii Codes

It is a very well-known fact that computers can manage internally only 0s (zeros) and 1s (ones). This is true, and by means of sequences of 0s and 1s the computer can express any numerical value as its binary translation, which is a very simple mathematical operation (as explained in the paper numerical bases).

Nevertheless, there is no such evident way to represent letters and other non-numeric characters with 0s and 1s. Therefore, in order to do that, computers use ASCII tables, which are tables or lists that contain all the letters in the roman alphabet plus some additional characters. In these tables each character is always represented by the same order number. For example, the ASCII code for the capital letter "A" is always represented by the order number 65, which is easily representable using 0s and 1s in binary: 65 expressed as a binary number is 1000001.

The standard ASCII table defines 128 character codes (from 0 to 127), of which, the first 32 are control codes (non-printable), and the remaining 96 character codes are representable characters:

*	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
0	NUL	SOH	STX	ETX	EOT	ENQ	ACK	BEL	BS	TAB	LF	VT	FF	CR	SO	SI
1	DLE	DC1	DC2	DC3	DC4	NAK	SYN	ETB	CAN	EM	SUB	ESC	FS	GS	RS	US
2		!	"	#	$	%	&	'	(	)	*	+	,	-	.	/
3	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	:	;	<	=	>	?
4	@	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O
5	P	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X	Y	Z	[	\	]	^	_
6	`	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n	o
7	p	q	r	s	t	u	v	w	x	y	z	{	|	}	~

* This panel is organized to be easily read in hexadecimal: row numbers represent the first digit and the column numbers represent the second one. For example, the "A" character is located at the 4th row and the 1st column, for that it would be represented in hexadecimal as 0x41 (65).

Because most systems nowadays work with 8bit bytes, which can represent 256 different values, in addition to the 128 standard ASCII codes there are other 128 that are known as extended ASCII, which are platform- and locale-dependent. So there is more than one extended ASCII character set.

The two most used extended ASCII character sets are the one known as OEM, that comes from the default character set incorporated by default in the IBM-PC and the other is the ANSI extend ASCII which is used by most recent operating systems.

The first of them, the OEM character set, is the one used by the hardware of the immense majority of PC compatible machines, and was also used under the old DOS system. It includes some foreign signs, some marked characters and pieces to represent panels.


The ANSI character set is a standard that many systems incorporate, like Windows, some UNIX platforms and many standalone applications. It includes many more local symbols and marked letters so that it can be used with no need of being redefined in many more languages:

Time table irpm 2013

The time table for irpm 2013 is not yet combined. The class gov is still working on it so as not to cause confusion.
Please bear with him.

Fin 220 question

Ojo Oluwatosin

class please i have question here for us all.....if the determining factor for supply of money are:-
....total amount of money in circulation,
.....monetary policies,
....prevailing rate of interest
....demand for excess reserves......etc

......tell me what the determinant of demand for money will be.......
YOU CAN SHARE YOUR COMMENT HERE ALSO...www.stoja4two.blogspot.com....

will you vote?

please will you vote.........................?